ABD\u2019de Kanser Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri ve Koruyucu Davran\u0131\u015flarda COVID-19 Sonras\u0131 \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 Dinamikler<\/p>\n
Amerikan Kanser Derne\u011fi (ACS) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan kapsaml\u0131 bir rapor, ABD yeti\u015fkinleri aras\u0131ndaki kanserle ili\u015fkili risk fakt\u00f6rleri ve \u00f6nleyici davran\u0131\u015flardaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ortaya koydu. COVID-19 pandemisi sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde baz\u0131 olumlu geli\u015fmeler dikkat \u00e7ekse de, \u00f6zellikle rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanseri ba\u011flam\u0131nda ciddi aksakl\u0131klar g\u00f6zlemlendi. T\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 alan\u0131nda tarihsel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fan\u0131rken, kanser taramalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan toparlanmalar ve HPV a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131ndaki durgunluklar sa\u011fl\u0131k politikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik bir yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor. Bu durum, kanser kontrol\u00fcnde e\u015fitsizliklerin ve ihmale u\u011frayan \u00f6nleme f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurguluyor.<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131 kanser riskinin en \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir etkenlerinden biri olmaya devam ediyor. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla, sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 11\u2019e kadar gerileyerek uzun vadeli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak bu genel iyile\u015fmenin ard\u0131nda ciddi e\u015fitsizlikler yat\u0131yor. Amerikan Yerli\/Alaska yerli halklar\u0131, Siyah erkekler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyine sahip bireyler ve biseks\u00fcel kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131 h\u00e2len y\u00fcksek seyrediyor. Bu gruplar, t\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0131rakma desteklerine eri\u015fimde sistematik engellerle ve hedefe y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin eksikli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Siyah ve biseks\u00fcel sigara kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda mentoll\u00fc sigaralar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oranlarda; bu oranlar iki \u00fc\u00e7te birin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Mentol aromas\u0131, nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmakta ve b\u0131rakmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, t\u00fct\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc alan\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleyi daha da karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmakta ve sigara b\u0131rakma programlar\u0131n\u0131n bu gruplara \u00f6zg\u00fc adaptasyonlar gerektirdi\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda da aromal\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin cazibesi belirgin \u015fekilde art\u0131yor. Lise d\u00fczeyindeki \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda t\u00fct\u00fcn kullananlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131 aromal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tercih ediyor. Elektronik sigaralar ve nikotin po\u015fetleri bu tercihte ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Aromal\u0131 t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, gen\u00e7lerin t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131na kolayca ba\u015flamas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlayacak bi\u00e7imde tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda stratejilerin bu tehdide kar\u015f\u0131 daha s\u0131k\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeleri ve gen\u00e7lere y\u00f6nelik koruyucu programlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi zaruri hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kanser tarama oranlar\u0131nda ise karma\u015f\u0131k bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Meme kanseri taramalar\u0131, pandemi sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir toparlanma g\u00f6stermi\u015f; 2023\u2019te uygun yeti\u015fkinlerin %80\u2019i tarama yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Kolorektal kanser tarama oranlar\u0131 da art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stererek %60\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131rken, bu oranlar\u0131n %54\u2019\u00fc kolonoskopi, %11\u2019i ise d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 testi yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fckseli\u015fler, tarama hizmetlerine eri\u015fimin geni\u015flemesi ve halk fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanseri tarama oranlar\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratmaya devam ediyor. 2021 verilerine g\u00f6re, uygun kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca %73\u2019\u00fc g\u00fcncel bir taramaya sahip olup, bu oranlar pandemiden \u00f6nce uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f e\u011filimini ve durgunlu\u011fu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu tablo, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fimdeki zorluklar\u0131, sosyoekonomik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve muhtemelen hasta e\u011fitimi ile hekim \u00f6nerilerindeki eksiklikleri g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanserinin uygun tarama ile b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00f6nlenebilir olmas\u0131, bu eksikli\u011fin ciddi halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
HPV a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ise duraksama d\u00f6neminde. 13-17 ya\u015f aras\u0131 ergenlerde 2021-2023 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131 tamamlama oranlar\u0131nda belirgin bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenmemi\u015f ve y\u00fczde 61 civar\u0131nda seyretmi\u015ftir. \u00d6nceki y\u0131llardaki y\u00fckselen trendin durmas\u0131, pandemi kaynakl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131lama hizmetlerine eri\u015fimdeki engellerle ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir. HPV, sadece rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanserine de\u011fil; orofaringeal, anal gibi bir\u00e7ok kanser t\u00fcr\u00fcne neden olan temel etkenlerden biri oldu\u011fundan, bu t\u0131kanma \u00f6nleme \u00e7abalar\u0131nda kritik bir f\u0131rsat ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer risk fakt\u00f6rlerinde de neredeyse hi\u00e7 iyile\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptand\u0131. ABD\u2019de yeti\u015fkinlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %72\u2019si a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu veya obez kategorisinde yer al\u0131yor; bunun %40\u2019\u0131 obezite s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunuyor. Pandemi d\u00f6neminde bu oranlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmemesi, genetik, \u00e7evresel, beslenme ve fiziksel aktivitenin karma\u015f\u0131k etkile\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan obezite m\u00fccadelesinde daha agresif politikalar\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n
Fiziksel aktivite eksikli\u011fi de kayg\u0131 verici derecede yayg\u0131n. 2022\u2019de yeti\u015fkinlerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan az\u0131 \u00f6nerilen egzersiz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131rken, yakla\u015f\u0131k %27\u2019si bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 fiziksel aktivite yapmamaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, bir\u00e7ok kanser t\u00fcr\u00fcne zemin haz\u0131rlayan hareketsiz ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceli\u011fi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Hem bireysel hem toplumsal d\u00fczeyde davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve ortam d\u00fczenlemeleri gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131 ise 2020-2022 d\u00f6neminde sabit kalsa da, a\u011f\u0131r alkol t\u00fcketimi %6 seviyesinde devam etmektedir. Bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, \u00f6zellikle orta ya\u015fl\u0131, y\u00fcksek sosyoekonomik duruma sahip, Beyaz \u0131rktan ve biseks\u00fcel kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Alkol\u00fcn kanserojen etkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu bulgu, daha hedeflenmi\u015f ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan duyarl\u0131 alkol azaltma programlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Rapor, sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131, obezite, fiziksel inaktivite, alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 risk fakt\u00f6rleri ile tarama, HPV a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nleyici davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. ABD\u2019de kanserlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve HPV dahil yedi kansere yol a\u00e7an enfeksiyonun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejilerinin \u00f6nemini art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda ACS, \u00f6nleyici hizmetlere eri\u015fimin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurguluyor. Kanser tarama programlar\u0131, HPV a\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fimleri ve t\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0131rakma deste\u011fi gibi hizmetlerin \u00f6zellikle tarihsel olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olan gruplara e\u015fit ve yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde sunulmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Son d\u00f6nemde b\u00fct\u00e7e kesintilerinin, t\u00fct\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc ve tarama hizmetlerinde elde edilen kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 tehlikeye att\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken rapor, federal destek ve yasa yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Milletten destek bekleyen yasa \u00f6nerileri aras\u0131nda, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Gelirli ve Sigortas\u0131z Kad\u0131nlara Hizmet Sunan Ulusal Meme ve Rahim A\u011fz\u0131 Kanseri Erken Te\u015fhis Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (NBCCEDP) yeniden yetkilendiren ve geni\u015fleten \u201cSCREENS for Cancer Act\u201d \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu program, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli, sigortas\u0131z veya yetersiz sigortal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n tarama ve tedaviye eri\u015fimini sa\u011flamada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyor ve kanser e\u015fitsizliklerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda kritik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ACS\u2019nin sundu\u011fu CancerRisk360 gibi ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f risk de\u011ferlendirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve risk azalt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6neriler, bireysel ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini ve tarama kararlar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen kaynaklar olarak g\u00f6z dolduruyor. \u201cI Love You, Get Screened\u201d kampanyas\u0131 ise aile ve topluluk i\u00e7inde kanser \u00f6nleme fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak ACS\u2019nin raporu, COVID-19 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ABD\u2019de kanserle m\u00fccadelede kaydedilen ilerlemelerle birlikte \u00f6nemli duraklama ve gerilemeleri saptayarak, \u00e7ok boyutlu ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. T\u00fct\u00fcn kontrol\u00fcndeki ivmenin korunmas\u0131, tarama programlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve HPV a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kanser y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu hedeflere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in hem politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hem de sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve topluluklar\u0131n koordineli bi\u00e7imde hareket etmesi elzem.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Konusu<\/strong>: Makale Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Web References<\/strong>: Doi Referans<\/strong>: Resim Credits<\/strong>: Anahtar Kelimeler<\/strong>: ABD\u2019de Kanser Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri ve Koruyucu Davran\u0131\u015flarda COVID-19 Sonras\u0131 \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 Dinamikler Amerikan Kanser Derne\u011fi (ACS) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan kapsaml\u0131 bir rapor, ABD yeti\u015fkinleri aras\u0131ndaki kanserle ili\u015fkili risk fakt\u00f6rleri ve \u00f6nleyici davran\u0131\u015flardaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ortaya koydu. COVID-19 pandemisi sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde baz\u0131 olumlu geli\u015fmeler dikkat \u00e7ekse de, \u00f6zellikle rahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanseri ba\u011flam\u0131nda ciddi aksakl\u0131klar g\u00f6zlemlendi. T\u00fct\u00fcn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3639,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"","_wpan_schema_json_ld":"","_wpan_ai_seo_metadata":"","_wpan_ai_seo_status":"","_wpan_ai_seo_policy":"","_wpan_ai_seo_faq_block":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[2638,2637,2640,2639,2636],"tmauthors":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3638","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kanser","8":"tag-abd-tutun-kullanimi-egilimleri","9":"tag-covid-19-sonrasi-kanser-risk-faktorleri","10":"tag-genclerde-aromali-tutun-urunleri-kullanimi","11":"tag-hpv-asilamasinda-durgunluk","12":"tag-rahim-agzi-kanseri-onleme"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sigara-Azalirken-Rahim-Agzi-Kanseri-Onlenemiyor-1745418608.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3638"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3638\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3638"},{"taxonomy":"tmauthors","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haber360.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tmauthors?post=3638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nCOVID-19 pandemisi sonras\u0131 ABD yeti\u015fkinlerinde kanserle ili\u015fkili risk fakt\u00f6rleri, koruyucu davran\u0131\u015flar ve tarama e\u011filimlerindeki de\u011fi\u015fimler.<\/p>\n
\nSmoking Rates Continue Historic Drop, but Cervical Cancer Prevention is Lagging.<\/p>\n
\nAmerican Cancer Society: https:\/\/www.cancer.org
\nACS CancerRisk360: http:\/\/acscancerrisk360.cancer.org\/
\nACS 2024 Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts & Figures: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-facts-and-figures\/2024-cped-files\/cped-2024-cff.pdf<\/p>\n
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-24-1835<\/p>\n
\nAmerican Cancer Society.<\/p>\n
\nRahim a\u011fz\u0131 kanseri, kanser \u00f6nleme, sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakma, HPV a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, kanser taramas\u0131, kolorektal kanser, meme kanseri, obezite, fiziksel aktivite, t\u00fct\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc, sa\u011fl\u0131k e\u015fitsizlikleri, mentoll\u00fc sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131, gen\u00e7lerde nikotin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejileri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"